Installation of cold storage operation and maintenance must read: cold storage safety regulations "GB 28009-2011"

National standard of the People's Republic of China: "GB 28009-2011" cold storage safety regulations

                         General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China     

                                 中国国家标准化管理委员会 发布

前 言

Chapter 4, Chapter 7, Chapter 8 and Chapter 10 of this standard.1～10.The technical content of 7 is mandatory, and the remaining terms are recommended。

本标准按照GB／T 1.1-2009给出的规则起草。本标准由中华人民共和国商务部提出。

This standard is compiled by the National Refrigeration Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 119)。

The drafting unit of this standard:China Refrigeration Society, Yantai Ice Wheel Co., LTD., Domestic Trade Engineering Design and Research Institute, Dalian Freezer Co., LTD., National Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Ministry of Agriculture Cold storage and refrigeration equipment Quality Testing Center, Beijing Ershang Group Oriental Friendship Food Distribution Company, Baoding Xinda Refrigeration and Air conditioningEngineering Co., LTD. Shandong Lushang Ice Wheel Architectural Design Co., LTD。

The main drafters of this standard are: Yang Yifan, Wu Yuqi, Liu Changfeng, Huang Jinsong, Li Wenjiang, Shen Jiang, Tang Junjie, Wang Yinghui, Zhang Jianmin, Liu Xiaopeng, Wan Jinkang, Yin Congxu。

2 规范性引用文件

1 范围

This standard specifies the design, construction, operation and management of cold storage and the safety requirements when the refrigeration system is shut down for a long time。

This standard is applicable to the direct refrigeration system and the cold storage of indirect refrigeration system with ammonia, halogenated hydrocarbons and other refrigerants。其他类型的冷库和制冷系统可参照执行。

This standard does not apply to indoor prefabricated cold stores sold as products。

下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。For dated references, the date-only version applies to this document。For undated references, the latest version (including all amendment orders) applies to this document。

                                                                          TSG R0004-2009 "Fixed Pressure Vessel Safety Technical Supervision Regulations"

                                                                               Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment (State Council Order No. 549)

                                                                           Regular Inspection Rules for Industrial Pipelines in Use (National Quality Inspection Pot [2003] No. 108)

3 Terms and Definitions The following terms and definitions apply to this document。

3.cold store: under artificial refrigeration conditions, storage of goods and their supporting buildings (structures)。

注：包括库房、制冷机房、变配电室等。

3.assembly cold store adopts lightweight composite thermal insulation board as the cold storage structure。

3.The main body of the cold storage complex, including cold processing rooms, cold storage rooms and buildings directly serving them (such as stairwells, elevator rooms, halls, etc.)。

3.A room used to house refrigeration equipment and operate a refrigeration system, including refrigeration machine room, equipment room and control room。

3.refrigerating equipment Refrigerating equipment is a general term for refrigeration compressors and auxiliary refrigeration equipment。

3.refrigerating system A system used for refrigeration working between two heat sources, that is, absorbing heat from a low temperature heat source by means of a refrigerant and discharging it to a high temperature heat source。

3.7 direct system of refrigeration Direct system of refrigeration。

3.8 indirect system of refrigeration Indirect system of refrigeration system in which the refrigerant is cooled by the refrigerant in the refrigeration system and then cooled the object to be cooled。

3.refrigerating compressor Equipment used to increase the pressure of refrigerant gas in a vapor compression refrigeration system。

3.10 refrigeration auxiliary equipment Refrigeration auxiliary equipment in a refrigeration system other than refrigeration compressors。Including condenser, evaporator, reservoir, gas-liquid separator, oil collector, air separator, intercooler, oil separator, low pressure circulation barrel, pump, freezing device, etc。

4 基本要求

4.1 Cold storage should be designed by units with cold storage engineering design and pressure pipeline design qualifications。

4.2 Cold storage should use refrigeration equipment made by enterprises with relevant production qualifications。

4.3 冷库施工单位应具备相应施工资质。

4.4 冷库应按设计文件进行施工。

4.5 Cold storage production and operation units should establish a safety production guarantee system, specifically refer to the "People's Republic of China Safety Production Law"。

5 制冷设备及附件安全要求

5.1 制冷压缩机及辅助设备

5.1.1 Refrigeration compressor and refrigeration auxiliary equipment should meet the requirements of product standards。

5.1.2 Refrigeration compressor should be set up pressure, motor overload and other safety protection devices。

5.1.3 Refrigeration compressor coupling or transmission belt should be equipped with safety protection devices。

5.1.4 The pressure vessel shall comply with the requirements of the "Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Fixed Pressure Vessels"。

5.1.5 Safety protection devices should be installed on exposed rotating parts such as refrigerant pumps, oil pumps, and water pumps。

5.2 管路、仪表、阀门及控制元件

5.2.1 制冷剂分配站应安装压力指示装置。

5.2.2 The pressure gauge should be a special pressure gauge for refrigerant, and it should be certified by the manufacturer。

5.2.The measuring range of the pressure gauge should not be less than 1 of the maximum working pressure.5倍，不大于最大工作压力的3倍。

5.2.4 The pressure gauge shall be checked by the qualified inspection department every year。

5.2.5 The pressure gauge should be installed in a position that is easy to operate and observe, and should be anti-freezing and anti-vibration。

5.2.6 每台泵、风机均应设过载保护装置。

5.2.7 Safety valves should be set on auxiliary refrigeration equipment such as condenser, liquid reservoir, low pressure circulation barrel and intercooler。

5.2.8 The safety valve shall be verified and sealed by the qualified inspection department every year。安全阀每开启一次，应重新校正。

5.2.9 Gas-liquid separator, low pressure circulation barrel, low pressure reservoir, intercooler and full liquid economy should be equipped with liquid level indicator and liquid level control, alarm device。

5.2.10 贮液器应设液位指示器。

5.2.11 Check valves are installed on the high-pressure exhaust pipe of the refrigeration compressor and the liquid outlet of the refrigerant pump。

5.2.12 冷凝器与贮液器之间应设均压管。Gas pressure balancing pipe and liquid balancing pipe (valve) should be installed between two or more liquid reservoirs respectively.。

5.2.13 The inlet and outlet of the refrigerant level indicator shall be equipped with an automatic blocking device。

5.2.14 In the forced liquid supply refrigeration system, the outlet side of the pump should be equipped with an automatic bypass valve。

6 冷库设施安全要求

6.1 Cold storage should have perfect fire fighting facilities, specifically refer to the Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China。

6.2 Cold storage transport should meet the requirements of the Special Equipment Safety Supervision Regulations。

6.3 库房内应具备应急逃生设施。

6.4 库房内的货架应有足够的强度和刚性。

6.5 The ammonia refrigerator room should be equipped with protective appliances and rescue drugs, and placed in an easily accessible location。

6.6 The power distribution room and the refrigeration room with high voltage control cabinet shall be equipped with special tools and protective articles for high voltage operation。

7 冷库设计安全要求

7.The emergency control device for cutting off the power supply of the refrigeration system should be set up in the convenient position outside the door of the ammonia refrigerator room, and warning signs should be set up。The starting control cabinet (box) and the console of each refrigeration compressor unit shall be equipped with an emergency stop button。

7.2 制冷机房应装有事故排风装置。氨制冷机房的事故排风装置应采用防爆型。When the refrigeration system has an accident and the power is cut off, the reliable power supply of the accident exhaust device should be ensured。

7.3 Ammonia refrigeration room, high and low voltage power distribution room should be equipped with emergency lighting, lighting should be explosion-proof type, lighting duration should not be less than 30 minutes。

7.4 Ammonia refrigeration equipment room should be installed ammonia concentration detection alarm device and water supply system。

7.5 水冷却式制冷压缩机应设置断水保护。

7.6 Open the door of the equipment room outwards, and ensure that the number of personnel must leave quickly in an emergency。

7.7 Refrigeration auxiliary equipment located outdoors should be fortified guardrail, and set up warning signs。高压贮液器设在室外时，应避免太阳直射。

7.8 库房内应采用防潮型照明灯具和开关。

7.9 库房内灯具安装高度小于或等于2.2 m时，应采用安全电压供电。灯具金属外壳均应接保护线。

7.10 Power and lighting lines in the warehouse below 0 ° C should use low-temperature insulated cables suitable for the temperature of the warehouse。

7.11 Reliable fire prevention measures should be taken for electrical lines that pass through the insulation layer of the warehouse。

7.12 冷库设计应满足消防的有关规定。

8 冷库建设与施工安全要求

8.1 施工现场应配备必要的安全设施。

8.2 In the process of construction of thermal insulation materials, full-time safety personnel should be set up, open flame is strictly prohibited, and synchronous construction with the operation of spark phenomenon is strictly prohibited。

8.3 When polyurethane spraying insulation construction, there should be forced ventilation measures。

8.4 Fire protection measures should be taken when the operation that may produce sparks in the place where the insulation work has been completed。

8.5 The cooling of the warehouse commissioning shall not affect the safety of the maintenance structure and the main structure。

8.After the completion of the construction project, it shall be put into use only after passing the inspection。

8.After completion of construction, the construction unit shall deliver the complete completion documents to the construction unit。

9 库内贮存货物安全要求

9.1 应对入库货物进行准入审核。合格后方可入库，并做好信息记录。

9.2 Food cold storage warehouse shall not store toxic, harmful, odorous articles or other flammable, explosive goods。

9.3 库房内应有防鼠、防虫、防蝇等设施。

9.4 库房应满足冷藏货物贮存工艺的要求。

9.5 应设有库内温度记录装置。

9.6 The goods should be classified and stored separately, and the quality of the goods should be checked regularly, and the deteriorated and expired goods should be removed in time。The time, temperature and shelf life of each shipment shall be recorded, and the recorded information shall be kept until six months after the shelf life of the shipment。

9.The storage facilities and equipment should be cleaned and disinfected regularly to meet the sanitary requirements of the stored goods。

10 冷库管理安全要求

10.1 Cold storage operation units should establish a safe production responsibility system and safe operation procedures。

10.Special operators shall hold certificates to work in accordance with the Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment and relevant state regulations。

10.3 Adopting new processes, new technologies and new equipment, corresponding safety technical measures should be formulated。

10.4 The cold storage operation unit shall carry out regular inspection and maintenance of the plant and mechanical and electrical equipment。

10.5 Safety devices and protective facilities of cold storage shall not be removed without authorization。

10.6 Cold storage operation units should establish emergency rescue plans and personnel rescue plans for major accidents, and exercise regularly。

10.7 压力容器的管理：

a) The cold storage operation unit shall do a good job in the safety management of the pressure vessel in accordance with the provisions of the "Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Fixed Pressure Vessels"。

b) The cold storage operation unit shall handle the registration procedures for the use of pressure vessels one by one in accordance with the requirements of the "Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Fixed Pressure Vessels"。

c) The cold storage operation unit shall regularly inspect the pressure vessel in accordance with the requirements of the "Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Fixed Pressure Vessels"。

d) The pressure vessel shall not be used beyond its designed permissible range of use。

e) When replacing safety accessories, products with corresponding specifications produced by units with corresponding manufacturing licenses should be selected, accompanied by product quality certificates, and solid metal nameplates should be installed on the products。

10.8 库房内的操作：

a) The stacking of goods in the warehouse should be stable and neat, and should not affect the air flow organization in the warehouse and the entry and exit of goods。

b) 库房内应合理分区并设置相关标识。

c) The warehouse shall remove ice, frost and condensate in time, and the exhaust pipes and chillers in the warehouse shall be defrosted in time。

d) 库内严禁带水作业。

e) The operators in the cold storage should have good cold protection measures and should carry lighting appliances。

f) After the operation in the warehouse is finished, the warehouse operator shall confirm that no one is in the warehouse before locking it。

11 Safety requirements for commissioning, operation, and maintenance of the refrigeration system

11.1 制冷系统的气压试验

11.1.1 After the installation or overhaul of the refrigeration system, nitrogen or dry and clean compressed air should be used for air pressure test according to the design requirements of the system, and safety measures should be taken。

11.1.2 气密试验过程中泄漏点严禁带压修复。

11.1.3 The connecting parts for pressure test should use seamless steel pipes or rubber pipes with a pressure of more than 3 MPa。与其相接的管头须有防滑沟槽。

11.1.4 It is strictly prohibited to use refrigeration compressor to perform pressure test on the system。

11 Safety requirements for commissioning, operation, and maintenance of the refrigeration system

11.1 制冷系统的气压试验

11.1.1 After the installation or overhaul of the refrigeration system, nitrogen or dry and clean compressed air should be used for air pressure test according to the design requirements of the system, and safety measures should be taken。

11.1.2 气密试验过程中泄漏点严禁带压修复。

11.1.3 The connecting parts for pressure test should use seamless steel pipes or rubber pipes with a pressure of more than 3 MPa。与其相接的管头须有防滑沟槽。

11.1.4 It is strictly prohibited to use refrigeration compressor to perform pressure test on the system。

11.2 压缩机充注冷冻油

11.2.1 The type and quality of the refrigerant oil must meet the requirements of the compressor manufacturer。

11.2.Refrigeration oil and other inflammable and explosive materials shall not be stored in the ammonia refrigerator room。

11.2.3 加油过程中严禁水分、污物进入系统。

11.2.4 The amount of refrigerant oil injection should meet the requirements of the compressor manufacturer。When refueling should be measured and made corresponding records in order to determine the amount of oil added。

11.3 制冷系统充注制冷剂

11.3.1 The variety, quality and amount of refrigerant should meet the design requirements of the refrigeration system。

11.3.2 充注制冷剂前，应对制冷系统抽真空。

11.3.3 向系统充注制冷剂时，应采用耐压3.For connectors above 0 MPa, the pipe head connected with them must have a non-slip groove。

11.3.4 After refrigerant is charged or withdrawn, separate the refrigerant bottle from the system immediately。

11.3.5 The ammoniating station should be located outside the equipment room and equipped with a safety label. Do not heat the ammoniating station。

11.4 制冷压缩机的操作

11.4.1 The compressor shall be used and operated in accordance with the requirements of the operation manual。

11.4.2 If the operating parameters of the compressor, such as oil pressure, oil level, oil temperature, exhaust pressure, exhaust temperature, compression ratio, suction pressure, and suction temperature, exceed the normal range, stop the compressor immediately。

11.4.3 When the heat load in the warehouse fluctuates sharply or the system defrosts, the compressor should be prevented from liquid shock。

11.5 制冷辅助设备的操作

11.5.1 When the hot gas defrosts, the pressure before the hot gas enters the evaporator shall not exceed 0.8MPa。

11.5.2 When the chiller defrosts with water alone, do not close the air return valve of the chiller。

11.5.3 Horizontal condenser, combined condenser, recooler, water pump and other water-cooled equipment, when the ambient temperature is below 0℃, measures should be taken to prevent freezing and cracking。

11.5.4 贮液器液位高度不得高于80％。

11.5.5 When the ammonia refrigeration system discharged non-condensable gas, it must be specially set up air separator, and the non-condensable gas discharged into the water container。

11.5.6 If there are pipelines and containers of liquid refrigerant in the refrigeration system, do not close the valves at both ends。

11.5.7 The refrigerated oil recovered from the refrigeration system should be strictly recycled and used only after meeting the quality requirements。

11.6 制冷系统维护

11.6.1 For the use and maintenance requirements of special equipment, refer to the relevant provisions of the Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment and the Regulations on Regular Inspection of Industrial Pipelines in Use。

11.6.2 In the process of disassembly, maintenance and welding of the refrigeration system, the refrigerant in the maintenance part should be emptied and connected with the atmosphere before it can be carried out。

11.6.3 When the refrigeration equipment is being repaired, the safety mark must be set on the power switch and other related positions. After the repair is completed, the maintenance personnel shall personally remove it。

11.6.4 After the overhaul, refrigerant can be charged to the refrigeration system after blowdown, pressure test, and vacuum pumping。

11.6.5 Before any adjustment, repair, wiring or contact with electrical components, the relevant devices should be powered off or isolated。

11.6.7 通电运行前应确认接地良好。

11.6.8 Regularly check whether the contact parts of the electrical components are good, if any, it should be repaired or replaced immediately。

11.6.9 Control cabinet, the use of the environment should be kept well ventilated, strictly prohibited storage of debris。

11.6.10 If refrigerant oil is discharged during equipment maintenance, pay attention to fire prevention and prevent refrigerant leakage。

11.6.11 When you start up for the first time or start up again after a long time off, you should tighten the wiring of the electrical components, and test the main circuit of the control cabinet and the insulation resistance of the motor。

11.6.12 When you shut down for a long time, cut off the power supply and properly dispose of the refrigerant in the cooling system。

12 安全标识

12.1 During the construction of cold storage, safety signs should be established according to the safety requirements of the construction process。

12.2 Pressure vessels, non-professional operators are not allowed to enter the area, key operating components, etc., should be set up safety marks。

12.3 Refrigeration pipes should be labeled with the name of the refrigerant or refrigerant in the pipe。

12.4 Each cold storage should be set up permanent signs in obvious positions on the site, including:

a) 安装商的名称和地址； b) 制冷剂的名称和充注量；

c) 润滑剂的名称和充注量； d) 系统设计压力。

参考文献

                            [1] 《皇冠登录地址app最新版》

                           [2] 《皇冠会员登录地址app最新版》‌